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Core Principles of Plastic Product Design
Plastic product design is a fusion of art and engineering. It must adhere to the following core principles to ensure functionality, manufacturability, cost-effectiveness, and reliability.
Uniform Wall Thickness: This is the most critical principle. Non-uniform wall thickness can lead to sink marks, warpage, and internal stress, severely affecting appearance and strength. Design should achieve uniformity through methods like hollowing out or adding ribs.
Draft Angles: All surfaces parallel to the mold opening direction must have a slight taper (typically 0.5°-2°). This ensures the part can be ejected smoothly from the mold without surface damage.
Rib Design: Ribs are used to enhance structural rigidity without significantly increasing wall thickness. A rib's thickness should be 50%-60% of the main wall thickness, and its base must have a fillet to avoid stress concentration.
Fillet Transitions: All internal and external corners should feature rounded fillets. This greatly reduces stress concentration, improves plastic flow, and enhances mold life and product safety.
Design for Moldability: Always consider the mold's manufacturability. Avoid internal undercuts (requiring complex sliders or lifters), excessively deep text, and surfaces that are difficult to polish.
Core Philosophy: Excellent design must not only meet product function but also adhere to the inherent rules of the injection molding process. It lays the foundation for manufacturability, low cost, and high quality right from the design outset.